Toxicitat Pel Verí De La Rata (colecalciferol) Als Cavalls

2025 Autora: Daisy Haig | [email protected]. Última modificació: 2025-01-13 07:17

Intoxicació per colecalciferol als cavalls

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El colicalciferol (vitamina D3) és l’ingredient actiu de molts tipus de verí per a rates. Una dosi elevada de colicalciferol provocarà una desestabilització del calci al cos, provocant una hipercalcèmia i, finalment, provocant la calcificació dels teixits i òrgans del cos. Els nivells elevats de calci a la sang causaran danys renals greus.

De vegades, els cavalls entraran en contacte amb pinsos per a cavalls que han estat contaminats amb colicalciferol, potser quan el verí s’hagi dipositat a les zones d’emmagatzematge i, com a resultat, s’enverinin involuntàriament. Sovint això passa sense el coneixement del conserge. La ingestió d’aquest compost també pot produir-se quan un pinso es barreja o es formula de forma incorrecta, o bé mitjançant una administració excessivament zelosa de suplements de vitamina D3.

Símptomes

• Pèrdua de la gana (anorèxia)
• Pèrdua de pes
• Depressió
• Dificultats per respirar (dispnea)
• Set excessiva (polidipsia) amb un major consum d’aigua
• Augment de la producció d'orina (poliúria)
• Debilitat
• Augment de la freqüència cardíaca
• Rigidesa de les extremitats
• Recumbència
• Mort

Causes

• Ingestió de colicalciferol, normalment sense voler
• Sol implicar la contaminació d'aliments amb verí de rata

Diagnòstic

El vostre veterinari pot diagnosticar la toxicitat del colicalciferol enviant una mostra de sang a un laboratori que mesurarà els nivells sèrics del compost. Un treball sanguini més rutinari mostrarà nivells elevats de fòsfor i calci, així com signes de dany renal.

Tractament

El tractament per a la intoxicació per colialciferol variarà cas per cas, en funció de la quantitat de verí ingerit i de la gravetat dels símptomes.

L’enfocament més comú del tractament sol tenir a veure amb restringir la quantitat de vitamina D que s’administra a través d’aliments i suplements. Es pot administrar un quelant de calci, ja que reduirà l’absorció intestinal de calci. També s’hauria d’iniciar el tractament contra la insuficiència renal. Normalment és una assistència de suport i requereix l'administració de grans quantitats de fluids per via intravenosa.

Viure i gestionar

La recuperació d’aquesta toxicosi pot ser llarga i sovint poc beneficiosa, ja que la calcificació dels teixits i la insuficiència renal no es poden revertir. El pronòstic està vigilat i sovint s’elegeix l’eutanàsia.

Prevenció

Tot i que no es pot prevenir la ingestió accidental, de tant en tant aquest tipus de toxicosi es produeix a causa de la mala gestió dels suplements vitamínics. Abans de començar el cavall amb qualsevol suplement, parleu-ne amb el veterinari.