Anèmia Infecciosa Equina

2024 Autora: Daisy Haig | [email protected]. Última modificació: 2023-12-17 03:06

Anèmia per infecció als cavalls

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De vegades, l'anèmia infecciosa equina (EIA) és un virus que causa la destrucció dels glòbuls vermells del cavall, causant anèmia, debilitat i mort. L’EIA s’ha convertit en endèmica a certes parts del món, però és molt poc freqüent als Estats Units. De fet, l’EIA és una malaltia que es pot notificar als EUA, cosa que significa que si es diagnostica en un cavall d’aquest país, el veterinari ha de notificar-ho a l’USDA.

No hi ha cura per a l’anèmia infecciosa equina. Es propaga per la mosca del cavall. Els cavalls han de ser provats per detectar aquesta malaltia per a l'entrada en espectacles i per al transport a través de les línies estatals. Es tracta d’una simple anàlisi rutinària de sang anomenada prova de Coggins.

Símptomes

L’EIA es pot presentar com a forma aguda o crònica. La forma aguda sol ser fatal. Si el cavall sobreviu, es convertirà en un portador crònic de la malaltia. Un cop infectat, el virus roman al cos del cavall la resta de la seva vida. Els transport crònics es coneixen com a "pantans".

• Anèmia
• Letargia
• Pèrdua de pes
• Febre
• Melsa augmentada
• Ventre i cames inflades (edema)
• Depressió
• Disminució del rendiment atlètic
• Mort (en casos aguts)

Causa

L’EIA és causada per un virus retro i transmesa per les mosques de cavall. Tanmateix, la infecció també es pot propagar a través d’elements contaminats amb sang, com ara agulles no esterilitzades, xeringues, etc.

Diagnòstic

El vostre veterinari normalment realitzarà una prova de Coggins a l'animal sospitós, que és una prova de sang de laboratori per diagnosticar EIA als cavalls.

Tractament

No hi ha cap tractament ni vacuna disponible als Estats Units en aquest moment per a l'EIA, tot i que la majoria dels cavalls que sobreviuen a la forma aguda d'aquesta malaltia poden presentar brots dels símptomes episòdicament. Curiosament, fins i tot hi ha hagut estudis relacionats amb el virus del VIH humà i EIA, ja que tots dos són retrovirus.

Viure i gestionar

Si a un cavall dels EUA se li diagnostica EIA, hi ha tres opcions obligades per l’USDA. Com que és una malaltia que es pot denunciar i no hi ha cura, la primera opció més freqüent és l’eutanàsia. En segon lloc, el cavall infectat es pot donar a un centre de recerca. En tercer lloc, els propietaris poden construir un graner completament tancat cobert de malla de filferro que no permeti l’entrada de mosques de cavall i el cavall té prohibit qualsevol contacte amb altres cavalls. A causa dels costos i limitacions de la tercera opció, i del nombre limitat de laboratoris que acceptaran cavalls positius EIA, la majoria dels casos produeixen eutanàsia.